It is an endemic species of Cuba and can be found in several protected areas of the country. Although it is classified as "Least Concern" by the IUCN, it is assessed as "Near Threatened" in the National Red List of Cuba.
The main threats to the Cuban Boa are habitat loss due to agricultural activities and urban expansion. Forest fires, tourism, and the use of the species in rural medicine practices are also threatening factors, although to a lesser extent. At the same time, Cuban Boas are often captured because they cause fear to local populations and to be used as a food source.